Top-down or Bottom-up

Top-Down, Bottom-Up, or Both

Operations strategy is formed via complex processes that transpire in multiple directions at multiple organizational levels. While most previous studies focus on the “macro-level” process of strategy formation from the dominant top-down perspective, this study investigates the “micro-level” process of strategy formation that governs interactions among competitive priorities, objectives, and act...

Top - Down and / or Bottom - Up ?

To make progress in learning the underlying fundamental theory, it will be necessary to combine bottom-up phenomenology and top-down analysis — in particular, top-down is unlikely to succeed alone. Here I elaborate on the role of both, and describe obstacles that need to be overcome to help data point toward the underlying theory, as well as approaches that might help to bypass full systematic ...

Institutions: Top Down or Bottom Up?

Every once in a while, it is worthwhile for economists to look up from the details of their specialized research projects to the broader worldview that their research results fit or do not fit. Nowhere is this truer than in the field of institutional economics, which can hardly avoid the big picture as it seeks to understand the determinants of institutions and make policy recommendations about...

Visual search: bottom-up or top-down?

The aim of the experiments in this paper was to explore the relationship between top-down and bottom-up processes in visual search. Employing behavioral techniques, we first consider the possible role of the magnocellular visual pathway in visual search, and find that visual search does not necessarily depend on processing by this visual sub-system. We next use functional imaging (positron emis...

Bottom-up, top-down